Ok, it appears that things are now working for me.
I found a thread at xda-developers where someone had a similar issue and it was suggested that he could install a new 'modem' and it should work. And there are TONS of modem versions out there so I wasn't sure which to try, but I tried a few and none seemed to work. Here's
the thread for the modems.
My next step was to try the modems with the MUIU firmware since it was the only other firmware I could get to work. While installing the MUIU firmware I did something a bit different from the other times I'd installed the firmware, I deleted the user data and cleared the cache partition and dalvik cache before installing the MUIU firmware.
I booted up MUIU and tested the phone and it worked!
Unfortunately I didn't want MUIU, I want Cyanogenmod 9... so, I tried installing Cyanogenmod 9 again, wiping the data and caches before doing the install and everything now seems to be working!
This is quite a relief for me... and a lesson to anyone thinking about installing a custom ROM on their phone, if it's your work phone don't do it unless you have a backup phone you can use for a few days, just in case something doesn't go right.